What Is the Difference Between Counselling, Psychology, and Psychotherapy?

These terms share many similarities, and I often use them interchangeably in my work. However, they do have differences, and people are naturally curious about what sets them apart:

• Counselling generally refers to the process of exploring life circumstances in a supportive, person-centred way. While I am not a historian, my understanding is that the modern use of “counselling” emerged alongside psychologists adopting non-medical approaches in the early 20th century. It reflects a focus on person-to-person interaction and a collaborative, client-focused approach. Counselling often overlaps with psychotherapy.

• Psychotherapy (individual) involves a therapist working with a client to develop insight, understanding, and personal strength. Many counsellors and psychologists undertake additional training in specific therapeutic modalities to better meet client needs. For example, I am trained in CBT (Cognitive Behaviour Therapy), ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), ST (Schema Therapy), and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing), which I integrate into my work with clients.

• Psychology is the scientific study of human behaviour. Psychologists in Australia are registered health professionals regulated by AHPRA. Typically, psychologists complete at least six years of training before registration. Additional endorsements (e.g., clinical, educational, forensic) require another two years of supervised practice in a specialised area. In clinical practice, psychologists may provide assessments, counselling, and psychotherapy, tailored to the individual’s needs.

- Kefu Xie, 2025